Contents.Birth and youth The true details about Reilly's origin, identity, and exploits have eluded researchers and intelligence agencies for more than a century. Reilly himself told several versions of his background to confuse and mislead investigators. At different times in his life, he claimed to be the son of an Irish merchant seaman, an Irish clergyman, and an aristocratic landowner connected to the court of Emperor. According to a Soviet secret police dossier compiled in 1925, he was perhaps born Zigmund Markovich Rozenblum on 24 March 1874 in, a Black Sea port of Emperor Russian Empire. His father Markus was a doctor and shipping agent, according to this dossier, while his mother came from an impoverished noble family.Other sources claim that Reilly was born Georgy Rosenblum in Odessa on 24 March 1873. In one account, his birth name is given as Salomon Rosenblum in the Jewish of the Russian Empire, the illegitimate son of Polina (or 'Perla') and Dr. Mikhail Abramovich Rosenblum, the cousin of Reilly's father Grigory Rosenblum.
There is also speculation that he was the son of a merchant marine captain and Polina.Yet another source states that he was born Sigmund Georgievich Rosenblum on 24 March 1874, the only son of Pauline and Gregory Rosenblum, a wealthy Polish-Jewish family with an estate at Bielsk in the Grodno Province of Imperial Russia. His father was known locally as George rather than Gregory, hence Sigmund's patronymic Georgievich. The family seems to have been well-connected in Polish nationalist circles through Pauline's intimate friendship with, the Polish statesman who became Prime Minister of Poland and also Poland's foreign minister in 1919. Travels abroad. A young circa the 1890sDuring the brief time Reilly spent in Paris, he renewed his close acquaintance with whom Reilly had last seen just prior to his 1899 departure from London. While Reilly had been abroad in the Far East, Melville had resigned in November 1903 as Superintendent of Scotland Yard's Special Branch and had become chief of a new intelligence section in the.
Working under commercial cover from an unassuming flat in London, Melville now ran both counterintelligence and foreign intelligence operations using his foreign contacts which he had accumulated during his years running Special Branch. Reilly's meeting with Melville in Paris is most significant for within a matter of weeks Melville was to use Reilly's expertise in what would later become known as the D'Arcy Affair.In 1904 the projected that petroleum would supplant coal as the primary source of fuel for the. During their investigation, the British Admiralty learned that an mining-engineer —who founded the (APOC)—had obtained the from the regarding the oil rights in southern. D'Arcy was negotiating a similar concession from the for oil rights in. The Admiralty initiated efforts to entice D'Arcy to sell his newly acquired oil rights to the British Government rather than to the French.Reilly, at the British Admiralty's request, located William D'Arcy at in the and approached him in disguise.
Attiring himself as a Catholic priest, Reilly gate-crashed the private discussions on board the Rothschild yacht on the pretext of collecting donations for a religious charity. He then secretly informed D'Arcy that the British could give him a better financial deal. D'Arcy promptly terminated negotiations with the Rothschilds and returned to London to meet with the British Admiralty. However, biographer Andrew Cook has questioned Reilly's involvement in the D'Arcy Affair since, in February 1904, Reilly might still have been in Port Arthur, Manchuria. Cook speculates that it was Reilly's intelligence chief, and a British intelligence officer, Henry Curtis Bennett, who undertook the D'Arcy assignment. Yet another possibility advanced in by writer has the British Admiralty creating a ' of patriots' to keep D'Arcy's concession in British hands, apparently with the full and eager co-operation of D'Arcy himself.Although the extent of Reilly's involvement in this particular incident is uncertain, it has been verified that he stayed after the incident in the on the, a location very near the Rothschild yacht. At the conclusion of the D'Arcy Affair, Reilly journeyed to, and, in January 1905, he arrived in, Russia.
Frankfurt Air Show In Ace of Spies, biographer recounts Reilly's alleged involvement in obtaining a newly developed German at the first ('Internationale Luftschiffahrt-Ausstellung') in 1909. According to Lockhart, on the fifth day of the air show in, a German plane lost control and crashed, killing the pilot. The plane's engine was alleged to have used a new type of magneto that was far ahead of other designs.Reilly and a British agent posing as one of the exhibition pilots diverted the attention of spectators while they removed the magneto from the wreck and substituted another. The SIS agent quickly made detailed drawings of the German magneto, and when the airplane had been removed to a hangar, the agent and Reilly managed to restore the original magneto. However, later biographers such as Spence and Cook have countered that this incident is unsubstantiated. There is no documentary evidence of any plane crashes occurring during the event.
Stealing weapon plans. The in Essen photographed circa 1915.In 1909, when the was expanding the war machine of, had scant knowledge regarding the types of weapons being forged inside Germany's war plants. At the behest of British intelligence, Reilly was sent to obtain the plans for the weapons. Reilly arrived in, Germany, disguised as a shipyard worker by the name of Karl Hahn. Having prepared his cover identity by learning to weld at a Sheffield engineering firm, Reilly obtained a low-level position as a welder at the plant in Essen.
Soon he joined the plant and persuaded its foreman that a set of plant schematics were needed to indicate the position of fire extinguishers and hydrants. These schematics were soon lodged in the foreman's office for members of the fire brigade to consult, and Reilly set about using them to locate the plans.In the early morning hours, Reilly picked the lock of the office where the plans were kept and was discovered by the foreman whom he then strangled before completing the theft. From Essen, Reilly took a train to a in.
Tearing the plans into four pieces, he mailed each separately so that if one were lost, the other three would still reveal the essence of the plans. Biographer Cook questions the veracity of this incident but concedes that German factory records show a Karl Hahn was indeed employed by the Essen plant during this time and that a plant fire brigade existed.In April 1912, Reilly returned to St. Petersburg where he assumed the role of a wealthy businessman and helped to form the Wings Aviation Club.
He resumed his friendship with Alexander Grammatikov who was an Okhrana agent and a fellow member of the club. Writers Richard Deacon and Edward Van Der Rhoer assert that Reilly was an double agent at this point.
Deacon claims he was tasked with befriending and profiling Sir, the international arms salesman and representative of. Another Reilly biographer, Richard B. Spence, claims that during this assignment Reilly learned ' le systeme' from Zaharoff—the strategy of playing all sides against each other in order to maximise financial profit. However, biographer Andrew Cook asserts there is scant evidence of any relationship between Reilly and Zaharoff. First World War activity. In Spring 1918, Sir, codenamed 'C', formally swore Reilly into the British Secret Intelligence Service and dispatched him to infiltrate Soviet Russia.Historian notes that 'Reilly spent most of the first two and a half years of the war in the United States'. Likewise, author Richard B.
Spence states that Reilly lived in New York City for at least a year, 1914–15, where he engaged in arranging munitions sales to the and its enemy the. However, when the, Reilly's business became less profitable since his company was now prohibited from selling ammunition to the Germans and, after the, the Russians were no longer buying munitions. Faced with unexpected financial hardship, Reilly sought to resume his paid intelligence work for the British government while in.This is confirmed by papers of Norman Thwaites, Head of Station in New York, which contain evidence that Reilly approached Thwaites seeking espionage-related work in 1917–1918. Formerly a private secretary to newspaper magnate and a police reporter for Pulitzer's, Thwaites was keen on obtaining information concerning radical activities in the United States; in particular, any connections between with Soviet Russia.
Consequently, under Thwaites' direction, Reilly presumably worked alongside a dozen other British intelligence operatives attached to the British mission at 44 Whitehall Street in. Although their ostensible mission was to coordinate with the U.S. Government in regards to intelligence about the German Empire and Soviet Russia, the British agents also focused upon obtaining trade secrets and other commercial information related to American industrial companies for their British rivals.Thwaites was sufficiently impressed with Reilly's intelligence work in New York that he wrote a letter of recommendation to, head of.
It was also Thwaites who recommended that Reilly first visit to obtain a military commission which is why Reilly enlisted the. On 19 October 1917, Reilly formally received a commission as a temporary 2nd Lieutenant. After receiving this commission, Reilly voyaged to London in 1918 where Cumming formally swore Lieutenant Reilly into service as a staff Case Officer in His Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), prior to dispatching Reilly on counter-Bolshevik operations in Germany and Russia. According to Reilly's wife Pepita Bobadilla, Reilly was sent to Russia to 'counter the work being done there by German agents' who were supporting radical factions and 'to discover and report on the general feeling'.Thus Reilly arrived on Russian soil via prior to 5 April 1918. Reilly contacted the former Okhrana agent Alexander Grammatikov, who believed the Soviet government 'was in the hands of the criminal classes and of lunatics released from the asylums'. Grammatikov arranged for Reilly to receive a private interview with either Reilly's longtime friend General or, secretary of the.
With the clandestine aid of Bonch-Bruyevich, he assumed the role of a Bolshevik sympathizer. Grammatikov further instructed his niece Dagmara Karozus —a dancer in the —to allow Reilly to use her apartment as a 'safe house', and through, a former Okhrana associate turned Cheka official, Reilly obtained travel permits as Cheka agent.
Ambassadors' Plot “In 1918, behind-the-scenes helpers such as. Sidney Reilly, the erstwhile Russian double agent who was operating on Britain's behalf, were involved in the formulation and execution of various attempts to snatch both Russia and the Romanov family from the Bolsheviks.”— Shay McNeal, historical researcher on Russian history and contributor to BBC. (left) and (right) were Reilly's co-conspirators.The attempt to assassinate and to depose the Bolshevik government is considered by biographers to be Reilly's most daring exploit. The Ambassadors' Plot, later misnamed in the press as the Lockhart-Reilly Plot, has sparked considerable debate over the years: Did the Allies launch a clandestine operation to overthrow the Bolsheviks in the later summer of 1918 and, if so, did 's uncover the plot at the eleventh hour or did they know of the conspiracy from the outset? At the time, the dissembling American Consul-General DeWitt Clinton Poole publicly insisted the Cheka orchestrated the conspiracy from beginning to end and that Reilly was a Bolshevik. Later, would state that he was 'not to this day sure of the extent of Reilly's responsibility for the disastrous turn of events.'
In January 1918, the youthful Lockhart—a mere junior member of the British Foreign office—had been personally handpicked by to undertake a sensitive diplomatic mission to Soviet Russia. Lockhart's assigned objectives were: to liaise with the Soviet authorities, to subvert Soviet-German relations, to bolster Soviet resistance to German peace overtures, and to push Soviet authorities into recreating the. By April, however, Lockhart had hopelessly failed to achieve any of these objectives.
He began to agitate in diplomatic cables for an immediate full-scale Allied military intervention in Russia. Concurrently, Lockhart ordered Sidney Reilly to pursue contacts within anti-Bolshevik circles in order to sow the seeds for an armed uprising in Moscow.In May 1918, Reilly, and various agents of the Allied Powers repeatedly met with, head of the counter-revolutionary Union for the Defence of the Motherland and Freedom (UDMF). Savinkov had been Deputy in the of, and a key opponent of the. A former member, Savinkov had formed the UDMF consisting of several thousand Russian fighters, and he was receptive to Allied overtures to depose the Soviet government. Lockhart, Reilly, and others then contacted groups linked to Savinkov and Socialist Revolutionary Party cells affiliated with Savinkov's friend Maximilian Filonenko.
Lockhart and Reilly supported these factions with SIS funds. They also liaised with DeWitt Clinton Poole and, the Consul-Generals of the United States and France respectively. They also coordinated their activities with intelligence operatives affiliated with the French and U.S. Consuls in Moscow. Planning a Coup. Further information:While Allied agents militated against the Soviet regime in Petrograd and Moscow, persistent rumors swirled of an impending Allied military intervention in Russia which would overthrow the fledgling Soviet government in favor of a new regime willing to rejoin the ongoing war against the Central Powers.
On 4 August 1918, an landed at, Russia, beginning a famous military expedition dubbed. Its professed objective was to prevent the German Empire from obtaining Allied military supplies stored in the region. In retaliation for this incursion, the Bolsheviks raided the British on 5 August, disrupting a meeting Reilly had arranged between the anti-Bolshevik Latvians, UDMF officials, and Lockhart. Unperturbed by these raids, Reilly conducted meetings on 17 August 1918 between Latvian regimental leaders and liaised with Captain, a multilingual British agent operating in Russia on behalf of the Military Intelligence Directorate.Hill later described Reilly as 'a dark, well-groomed, very foreign-looking man' who had 'an amazing grasp of the actualities of the situation' and was 'a man of action'.
They agreed the coup would occur in the first week of September during a meeting of the and the Moscow Soviet at the. On 25 August, yet another meeting of Allied conspirators allegedly occurred at DeWitt C. Poole's American Consulate in Moscow.
By this time, the Allied conspirators had organized a broad network of agents and saboteurs throughout Soviet Russia whose overarching ambition was to disrupt the nation's food supplies. Coupled with the planned military uprising in Moscow, they believed a chronic food shortage would trigger popular unrest and further undermine the Soviet authorities. In turn, the Soviets would be overthrown by a new government friendly to the Allied Powers which would renew hostilities against. On August 28, Reilly informed Hill that he was immediately leaving Moscow for Petrograd where he would discuss final details related to the coup with Commander Francis Cromie at the British consulate. That night, Reilly had no difficulty in traveling through picket lines between Moscow and Petrograd due to his identification as a member of the Petrograd Cheka and his possession of Cheka travel permits.On 30 August, and Maximilian Filonenko ordered a military cadet named —Filonenko's cousin—to shoot and kill, head of the.
Uritsky had been the second most powerful man in the city after, the leader of the Petrograd Soviet, and his murder was seen as a blow to both the Cheka and the entire Bolshevik leadership. After killing Uritsky, a panicked Kannegisser sought refuge either at the English Club or at the British mission where Cromie resided and where Savinkov and Filonenko may have been temporarily in hiding. Regardless of whether he fled to the English Club or to the British consulate, Kannegisser was compelled to leave the premises.
After donning a long overcoat, he fled into the city streets where he was apprehended by after a violent shootout. Artist Vladimir Pchelin's depiction of the 30 August 1918 assassination attempt on by.On the same day, —a former anarchist who was now a member of the —shot and wounded Lenin as he departed the Michelson arms factory in Moscow. As Lenin exited the building and before he entered his motor car, Kaplan called out to him. When Lenin turned towards her, she fired three shots with a Browning pistol.
One bullet narrowly missed Lenin's heart and penetrated his lung, while the other bullet lodged in his neck near the jugular vein. Due to the severity of these wounds, Lenin was not expected to survive. The attack was widely covered in the Russian press, generating much sympathy for Lenin and boosting his popularity. As a consequence of this assassination attempt, however, the meeting between Lenin and Trotsky—where the bribed soldiery would seize them on behalf of the Allies—was postponed. At this point, Reilly was notified by fellow conspirator Alexander Grammatikov that 'the Socialist Revolutionary Party fools have struck too early'. Chekist Reprisal.
Further information:Although it is unknown if Kaplan either was part of the Ambassadors' Plot or was even responsible for the assassination attempt on Lenin, the murder of Uritsky and the failed assassination of Lenin were used by Dzerzhinsky's Cheka to implicate any malcontents and foreigners in a grand conspiracy that warranted a full-scale reprisal campaign: the '. Thousands of political opponents were seized and 'mass executions took place across the city, at, and the, all in the north of the city, as well as in the Cheka headquarters at '. The extent of the Chekist reprisal likely foiled much of the inchoate plans by Cromie, Boyce, Lockhart, Reilly, Savinkov, Filonenko, and other conspirators.Using lists supplied by undercover agents, the Cheka proceeded to clear out the 'nests of conspirators' in the foreign embassies and, in doing so, they arrested key figures vital to the impending coup.
On 31 August 1918, believing Savinkov and Filonenko were hiding in the British consulate, a Cheka detachment raided the British consulate in Petrograd and killed Cromie who put up an armed resistance. Immediately prior to his death, it is possible that Cromie may have been trying to communicate with other conspirators and to give instructions to accelerate their planned coup. Before the Cheka detachment stormed the consulate, Cromie burned key correspondence pertaining to the coup. According to press reports, he made a valiant last stand on the first floor of the consulate armed only with a revolver. In close quarters combat, he dispatched three Chekist soldiers before he was in turn killed and his corpse mutilated. Eyewitnesses, such as the sister-in-law of nurse Mary Britnieva, asserted that Cromie was shot by the Cheka while retreating down the consulate's grand staircase. The Cheka detachment searched the building and, with their rifle butts, repelled the diplomatic staff from getting close to the corpse of Captain Cromie which the Chekist soldiers had looted and trampled.
The Cheka detachment then arrested over forty persons who had sought refuge within the British consulate, as well as seized weapon caches and compromising documents which they claimed implicated the consular staff in the forthcoming coup attempt. Cromie's death was publicly 'depicted as a measure of self-defence by the Bolshevik agents, who had been forced to return his fire'. During the, Reilly served as the eyes and ears of British intelligence while attached to General 's White Russian Army.Within a week of their return debriefing, the British and the again sent Reilly and Hill to South Russia under the cover of British trade delegates. Their assignment was to uncover information about the coast needed for the. At that time, the region was home to a variety of anti-Bolsheviks. They travelled in the guise of British merchants, with appropriate credentials provided by the Department of Overseas Trade. Over the next six weeks or so, Reilly prepared twelve dispatches which reported on various aspects of the situation in South Russia and were delivered personally by Hill to the Foreign Office in London.
Reilly identified four principal factors in the affairs of South Russia at this time: the Volunteer Army; the territorial or provincial governments in the Kuban, Don, and Crimea; the Petlyura movement in Ukraine; and the economic situation. In his opinion, the future course of events in this region would depend not only on the interaction of these factors with each other, but 'above all upon Allied attitude towards them'. Reilly advocated Allied assistance to organise South Russia into a suitable place d'armes for decisive advance against Petlurism and Bolshevism. In his opinion: 'The military Allied assistance required for this would be comparatively small as proved by recent events in Odessa. Landing parties in the ports and detachments assisting Volunteer Army on lines of communication would probably be sufficient.' Reilly's reference to events in Odessa concerned the successful landing there on 18 December 1918 of troops from the French 156th Division commanded by General Borius, who managed to wrest control of the city from the Petlyurists with the assistance of a small contingent of Volunteers.Urgent as the need for Allied military assistance to the Volunteer Army was in Reilly's estimation, he regarded economic assistance for South Russia as 'even more pressing'.
Manufactured goods were so scarce in this region that he considered any moderate contribution from the Allies would have a most beneficial effect. Otherwise, apart from echoing a certain General Poole's suggestion for a British or Anglo-French Commission to control merchant shipping engaged in trading activities in the Black Sea, Reilly did not offer any solutions to what he called a state of 'general economic chaos' in South Russia. Reilly found White officials, who had been given the job of helping the Russian economy get better, 'helpless' in coming to terms with 'the colossal disaster which has overtaken Russia's finances. And unable to frame anything, approaching even an outline, of a financial policy'.
But he supported their request for the Allies to print '500 Million roubles of Nicholas money of all denominations' for the Special Council as a matter of urgency, with the justification that 'although one realizes the fundamental futility of this remedy, one must agree with them that for the moment this is the only remedy'. Lack of funds was one reason offered by Reilly to explain the Whites' blatant inactivity in the propaganda field. They were also said to be lacking paper and printing presses needed for the preparation of propaganda material. Reilly claimed that the Special Council had come to appreciate fully the benefits of propaganda. Final Marriage While on a visit to postwar Berlin in December 1922, Reilly met a charming young actress named Pepita Bobadilla in the. Bobadilla was an attractive blonde who falsely claimed to be from South America. Her real name was Nelly Burton, and she was the widow of, a well-known British playwright.
For the past several years, Bobadilla had gained notoriety both as Chambers' wife and for her stage career as a dancer. On 18 May 1923, after a whirlwind romance, Bobadilla married Reilly at a civil Registry Office on Henrietta Street, in Covent Garden, Central London, with acting as a witness. As Reilly was already married at the time, their union was bigamous. Bobadilla later described Reilly as a sombre individual and found it strange that he never entertained guests at their home. Except for two or three acquaintances, hardly anyone could boast of being his friend. Nevertheless, their marriage was reportedly happy as Bobadilla believed Reilly to be 'romantic', 'a good companion', 'a man of infinite courage', and 'the ideal husband'.
Their union would last merely thirty months before Reilly's disappearance in Russia and his execution by the Soviet OGPU.Zinoviev Scandal. After execution, the alleged corpse of Reilly was photographed in OGPU headquarters circa 5 November 1925.During OGPU interrogation Reilly prevaricated about his personal background and maintained his charade of being a British subject born in,. Although he did not abjure his allegiance to the United Kingdom, he also did not reveal any intelligence matters. While facing such daily interrogation, Reilly kept a diary in his cell of tiny handwritten notes on cigarette papers which he hid in the plasterwork of a cell wall. While his Soviet captors were interrogating Reilly he in turn was analysing and documenting their techniques. The diary was a detailed record of OGPU, and Reilly was understandably confident that such unique documentation would, if he escaped, be of interest to the British SIS. After Reilly's death, Soviet guards discovered the diary in Reilly's cell, and photographic enhancements were made by OGPU technicians.Reilly was executed in a forest near Moscow on Thursday, 5 November 1925.
Eyewitness claimed the execution was supervised by an OGPU officer, Grigory Feduleev; while another OGPU officer, George Syroezhkin, fired the final shot into Reilly's chest. Gudz also confirmed that the order to kill Reilly came from Stalin directly. Within months after his execution, various outlets of the British and American press carried an obituary notice: 'REILLY—On the 28th of September, killed near the village of Allekul, Russia, by S. Captain Sidney George Reilly, M. C., beloved husband of Pepita Reilly.'
Two months later, on 17 January 1926, reprinted this obituary notice and, citing unnamed sources in the intelligence community, the paper asserted that Reilly had been somehow involved in the still ongoing scandal of the, a fraudulent document published by the British newspaper a year prior during the.After Reilly's death, there were various rumours about his survival; Reilly's wife Pepita Bobadilla claimed to possess evidence indicating that Reilly was still alive as late as 1932. Others speculated that the unscrupulous Reilly had defected to the opposition, becoming an adviser to. Despite such unfavorable rumors, the international press quickly turned Reilly into a household name, lauding him as a masterful spy and chronicling his many espionage adventures with numerous embellishments. Contemporary newspapers dubbed him 'the greatest spy in history' and 'the of Red Russia'.
In May 1931, The published an illustrated serial headlined 'Master Spy' which sensationalized his many exploits as well as outright invented others. Career with British intelligence. —, Her Majesty's Secret Service (1985)Throughout his life, Sidney Reilly maintained a close yet tempestuous relationship with the British intelligence community. In 1896, Reilly was recruited by Superintendent for the network of 's. Through his close relationship with Melville, Reilly would be employed as a for the, which the created in October 1909.
In 1918, Reilly began to work for, an early designation for the British, under. Reilly was allegedly trained by the latter organization and sent to Moscow in March 1918 to assassinate or attempt to overthrow the Bolsheviks. He had to escape after the unraveled the so-called against the Bolshevik government.
Later biographies contain numerous tales about his espionage deeds. Portraying Reilly in the TV (1983).In 1983, a television, dramatised the historical adventures of Reilly. Directed by and, the program won the 1984. Reilly was portrayed by actor. Portrayed Sir. The series was based on 's book, Ace of Spies, which was adapted.
Book sources. Ainsworth, John (1998).
Europe-Asia Studies. 50 (8): 1447–1470. (2009). New York: Knopf Doubleday. (1986) 1985.
Viking. Bobadilla, Pepita; Reilly, Sidney (1931). London: Elkin Mathews & Marrot. Britnieva, Mary (1934). London: Arthur Baker Limited.
Pp. 77–86. Brooke, Caroline (2006). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (1966). Translated by Vladimir Vezey. Pp. 257, 263, 265, 303. Cook, Andrew (2004).
Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing. Cook, Andrew (2002).
Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing. (1987). London: MacDonald. (1972). Taplinger Pub. Co.
Debo, Richard K. (3 September 1971). 'Lockhart Plot or Dzerhinskii Plot?' The Journal of Modern History.
43 (3): 413–439. Donaldson, Norman; Donaldson, Betty (1980). Martin's Press. Ferguson, Harry (2010). London: Arrow Books. Captain Francis Cromie of the British Naval Intelligence Department (NID) was the de facto chief of all British intelligence operations in northern Russia.
Grant, Natalie (Winter 1986). 'Deception on a Grand Scale'. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. 1 (4): 51–77. Grant, Natalie (Winter 1991). American Intelligence Journal.
12 (1): 11–15. Hicks, W.W. (2 November 1920).
(PDF) (Report). National Archives and Record Service (NARS). Archived from (PDF) on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
(1932). London: Cassell. Kitchen, Martin.
'Hill, George Alexander (1892–1968)'. (online ed.).
Oxford University Press. (Subscription or required.). Kotakallio, Juho (2016).
(in Finnish). Helsinki: Atena Publishing. Kennedy, Gerry (2016). Cork, Ireland: Atrium Press.
Kettle, Michael (1986). Sidney Reilly: The True Story of the World's Greatest Spy.
Martin's Press. (1932). London and New York: Putnam.
(1967). London: Hodder & Stoughton. Long, John W. (November 1995).
'Searching for Sidney Reilly: The Lockhart Plot in Revolutionary Russia, 1918'. Europe-Asia Studies. 47 (7): 1225–1243. Ludecke, Winfried (1929). Philadelphia: J.B.
Lippincott Company. (1996). Ian Fleming, The Man Behind James Bond. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing.
Madeira, Victor (2014). Boydell & Brewer. P. 124. McNeal, Shay (2002). Arrow Books. (2014). Sceptre.
(2014) 1986. Routledge. (2012) 2011. New York: Public Affairs. (2011). London: Biteback Publishing.
(1974). New York, Evanston, San Francisco, London: Harper & Row. Pp. 127, 631. Spence, Richard B. (January 1995). 'Sidney Reilly in America, 1914–1917'.
Intelligence and National Security. 10 (1): 92–121. Spence, Richard B. Feral House. Van Der Rhoer, Edward (June 1981).
New York: Scribner. (1994). Lenin: Life and Legacy. London: HarperCollins. Yarovaya, Elena (2014).
Saint-Peterburg: State Hermitage Museum. Pp. 229–233. (1991). New York: Simon & Schuster.Online sources. (5 September 1918). Brooklyn, New York. Archived from (JPG) on 8 April 2014.
Retrieved 7 April 2014. Billington, Michael (15 January 1984). The New York Times (National ed.).
Retrieved 8 June 2018. Castravelli, Nunzia (2006). 'In margine al conflitto russo-giapponese 1904-05: Akashi Motojiro e i rapporti dell'intelligence giapponese con i rivoluzionari russi' In the Margins of the Russo-Japanese Conflict 1904-05: Akashi Motojiro and Reports of Japanese Intelligence with Russian Revolutionaries.
Il Giappone (in Italian). 46: 43–48. Corry, John (19 January 1984). The New York Times (National ed.).
Retrieved 8 June 2018. Elwood, R. (September 1986). 'Lenin and Grammatikov: An Unpublished and Undeserved Testimonial'. Canadian Slavonic Papers. 28 (3): 304–313.
Feofanov, Yuri; Barry, Donald (27 October 1995). (PDF) (Report). The National Council For Soviet and East European Research.
Pp. 3, 5, 10–12. Retrieved 4 July 2018. Gransden, Gregory (6 February 1993). United Press International.
Retrieved 9 June 2018. A preliminary enquiry by Russia's Security Ministry has raised doubts about the conviction and execution of Fanny Kaplan, a Jewish female political activist affiliated with the Socialist Revolutionary party, for allegedly trying to assassinate Lenin on Aug. 30, 1918. McNeal, Shay (2018). Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Serial Raily 4 Release
Ramm, Benjamin (25 January 2017). Retrieved 24 June 2018. Ristolainen, Mari (29 October 2009). University of Helsinki. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
(10 December 2007). (in Russian). Retrieved 27 September 2015. (2007).
MI6 / SIS Website. Archived from on 27 August 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2007.
The origins of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) are to be found in the Foreign Section of the Secret Service Bureau, established by the Committee of Imperial Defence in October 1909. The Secret Service Bureau was soon abbreviated to 'Secret Service'. (26 November 1933). The New York Times Book Review. Retrieved 8 June 2018. (16 December 1925).
Retrieved 1 July 2018. (6 September 1918). The New York Times.
Serial Raily 4 Download
Retrieved 8 June 2018. Thomson, Mike (19 March 2011). BBC News Services. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
(6 September 1918). Washington, D.C. Archived from (JPG) on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014. (17 January 1926).
Retrieved 1 July 2018.External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. on.
on. on.
FileFixation.com is a new file sharing web service which gives you access to literally hundreds of thousands of direct downloads including software, games, movies, tv shows, mp3 albums, ebooks and more! Our downloads database is updated daily to provide the latest download releases on offer.To celebrate our launch we are offering unlimited full download access for FREE! This is a limited offer and will soon expire and revert back to the normal member price. We now have 316,975 downloads in the member section. Take the FileFixation now for more detailed information!
The word 'keygen' means a small program that can generate a cd key, activation number, license code, serial number, or registration number for a piece of software. KeyGen is a shortened word for Key Generator. A keygen is made available through crack groups free to download. When writing a keygen, the author will identify the algorithm used in creating a valid cd key. Once the algorithm is identified they can then incorporate this into the keygen.
If you search a download site for Raily 4 Se Keygen, this often means your download includes a keygen.